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Major technological advances in the field of renewable energy sources have encouraged many people and organization. They are either exploring possibilities to implement it at personal or project level. However, installing such facilities may appear overwhelming for a person or company. You may be wondering where to start or how to install and most importantly, what to install. Options available for to you include solar energy, geothermal power and wind power. These are a bit complicated and costly processes, so you need to be careful while planning to implement.

Wind generators are used to convert wind energy into electricity. If you are planning to have clean energy for your project or personal use, then this may be a wise choice. When planning to install wind generator for business or personal use you need to consider few important things. First thing is an estimate of power you expect to supplement by wind energy. Setting up a windmill for personal use has different requirements than setting up for business. You may plan to run a house or project, entirely by this energy or set it up to support power requirements for essential services.

Depending on the extent of implementation, budget and level of technology you may need to adjust your power consumption pattern and cut back on energy usage. In case your energy requirement is pretty high, you should be prepared to face huge escalation of implementation cost. With substantial increase in demand, number and size of wind generators increases. With increase in number of turbines, your requirement for space goes up. This means that you need more space for installing.

Availability of space is a problem for people living in conventional neighborhood. For projects that are spread over a large area and farm houses at country sides using a large space may not be a problem. Make sure about the restrictions imposed on height of the structures that you can construct on your property. Windmills are required to be constructed at certain height to tap optimum wind energy.

Verify the average amount of wind received by selected location. Online wind maps operated and maintained by U.S. Department of Energy, at their website, may be consulted for this purpose. Once you are satisfied that there is enough wind power to move wind power turbine then proceed with your plan.

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Hydroelectric power systems that are designed to produce upto 100 kW of power is known as micro hydro systems. Such small power systems are primarily designed to complement power supply in remote places for small communities or isolated houses. Availability of appropriate water source that is capable to produce electricity, economical viability of project and seasonal variations of water flow are some considerations for installing this power system. In many areas micro hydro systems are installed to complement solar energy system. Logic behind such plan is simple. Availability of hydro power is determined by flow or speed of water. This is highest in winter when solar energy is at minimum.

Construction of micro hydro plants may vary depending on the site but there are some common elements in all such plants. There should be supply of water in the form of river or mountain stream or waterfall. Usually such installations do not have dam or reservoir and depend mostly on the minimal flow of water round the year. In some cases, existing mill pond or reservoirs may be adapted for power production. An intake structure is required to filter out fishes and floating debris. Depending on prevalent climatic conditions the structure must be capable to resist ice flowing with water. A gate is essential for the intake to maintain it properly.

Water from source moves through a pipe (penstock), or power canal to the turbine. When the turbine and water source are far from each other, construction of penstock is difficult, especially in hilly terrains. Speed of the turbine and flow of water is regulated by controlling valve. Flow and pressure of water turns the turbine and emerge out from the turbine to natural watercourse through tailrace channel. The turbine turns a generator that is connected to electrical loads. Usually the generator is directly connected to the building or community electrical distribution system.

Improvements made in the fields of modern power electronics have made controls and operations of generator easier. The generator can now generate at an arbitrary frequency but the output is feed through an inverter to ensure grid frequency. Power electronics also use permanent magnet alternators to stabilize wild alternate current.

Using solar power to heat water in homes is increasingly getting popular. It has been estimated by experts that an average home uses about 20% of its total power consumption to heat water. If you consider this amount on yearly basis then it is huge. By installing solar power for heating water at home, you can reduce or eliminate this amount. Cost of installing this water heating system may appear to be costly at first glance but considering the amount of savings it provides over a period of time, it is a wise choice.

Cost of switching to solar water heating system may be reduced by availing rebates and tax credits. In many cases such rebates are as high as 30% of the cost. Select an appropriate system depending on the prevalent weather conditions, your requirements and budget. There are different types of heating system and various types of solar panels. Doing some online search about panels and systems may be useful while selecting.

There are some crucial factors that need to be considered while selecting solar water heater system. If you are planning to install heavy water heater, then make sure not to exceed permissible roof weight for the building. Try to limit the use of water generated from solar water heater. As for example, washing laundry in cold water in place of hot water is great idea. This not only prevents misuse of precious hot water but ensures long life of the solar water heating system.

Ensure proper maintenance of the solar water heater that is installed. This is not a complicated or costly affair. Follow some simple instructions to ensure long life and best performance. Regular preventive maintenance ensures that no minor damage degrades or aggravate. This is necessary to derive full economical benefit expected from installation of solar water heating system at home.

Installing solar water heater may be your first step towards implementation of solar electric at your home. As you get to realize the convenience and savings delivered by such water heaters, you may get more interested in implementing it in large scale for augmenting or supplementing your power requirements.

Wind is formed by uneven heating of the earth’s surface. Polar regions are colder than equatorial regions. Air from hotter areas gets expanded and moves up while cool air blows in as wind to fill the gap. Wind turbines use wind energy to generate electricity.

Scientists have revealed that major changes in global climate are primarily due to rampant uses of fossil fuels. Combustion of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases that not only pollute the environment but are also liable for global warming. Various alternative and renewable resources are being explored to obtain clean power for saving our planet from pollution. Wind energy is one such clean energy source.

Implementation of wind energy is getting popular among individuals and organizations with improvement in technology and increase in awareness. Wind power systems are now more economical than they used to be few years ago. Wind energy has evolved from the early days of providing assistance to farmers for grinding, pumping and similar jobs. It is now capable of supplying power to remote rural areas and produce electricity in large scale. Places having wind speed of 10mph and more throughout the year are beginning to explore the possibilities of wind energy.

Wind turbine is a machine with a rotor and three propeller blades. These propeller blades are arranged in horizontal axis. A wind farm or wind power plant, consisting group of wind turbines, is located in a place where flow of wind is high. When wind spins the propeller blades, rotor supplies power to generator. In this way, mechanical energy of the rotor gets converted to electricity. Electricity produced by a single turbine is usually sufficient for a small house. Electricity generated from many turbines is supplied through a grid to designated stations.

Construction of wind power plants and transmission of the generated electricity is the responsibility of wind energy systems. A large number of wind turbines, with average height of 30 to 40m, are constructed to build a wind power plant. Increase in height of the turbines means increase in circulation of air that propels more production. As such, wind turbines are usually located at high altitudes or at constructed at highest permissible length.

Solar power has been utilized in various applications ranging from calculators, emergency road signs to advanced satellites. It is also widely used for providing power in remote areas or acting as standby power resource for essential services. Calculators and such small appliances require few cells for tapping and generating required power. However, for lighting up a parking lot or a house you need large solar panels consisting of thousands of such solar cells. From the exclusive domain of powering satellites as early as 1958, photovoltaic cells have evolved to find place in various day to day appliances.

Scientists searching for eco-friendly solutions to provide clean energy are toying with various technologies to develop solar cells. The idea of providing virtually free electricity from sun has been floating from decades. Theoretically, this is not impossible. On a bright sunny day, sunlight gives off approximately 1000 watts of energy per square meter of this planet’s surface. If we are able to convert, even half of this energy to electricity, then electricity will be virtually free. In this process we can even minimize emissions of greenhouse gases that are produced during conventional power generation from fossil fuels.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells are made from special materials called semiconductors. Most commonly used semiconductor is silicon. When sunlight strikes a cell, a part of the solar energy is absorbed in the material of semiconductor. This solar energy knocks electrons loose, instigating free flow of electrons. One or more electrical fields of PV cells force these free electrons to flow in a definite direction. This flow of electron is current and by placing metal contacts at top and bottom of the PV cell we can draw it for external use. In-built electric field or fields or cell’s voltage, coupled with this current, defines wattage (or power) of a solar cell.

Large solar panels consisting solar cells, arranged in series, according to the power requirement of the desired applications. There are challenges like low conversion rate, high initial costs and dependence on weather conditions. Using improved semiconductors, better storage and transmission of solar energy are some areas where scientists are working hard.

Rising price of oil in international market, fast depletion of conventional energy resources like coal and oil has compelled governments all over the world to explore viable and alternative avenues to avail energy. Many nations are formulating policies to promote development and research of renewable energy resources in large scale. Individuals and organizations planning to adapt or work on renewable energy resources are offered substantial incentives. With growing demand in the market, available options are increasing and the technologies are developing at fast pace. There are various applications and products devised for individuals as well as commercial usage.

Energy resources that are replenished naturally are called renewable energy resources. Wind, tide, sunlight and geothermal heat are some sources of such natural resources. At present about 18% of total energy spent globally, comes from renewable resources. Energy from biomass is the main contributor (about 13%), followed by hydroelectric (about 3%) and solar power (about 2%). Wind energy and power from sources like geothermal are just beginning to consolidate their space in this domain (about 0.8%).

Largest producer and exporter of biofuel is Brazil. Extracted from sugarcane, this biofuel is primarily ethanol fuel. United States is the leader in production of ethanol but it does not export it. Nowadays, ethanol is predominantly used with gasoline, especially for light vehicles. There are more than 35000 filling stations in Brazil having at least one ethanol pump. In an endeavor to promote use of biofuel, Energy Policy Act passed by U.S. Congress on 2005 has set a target to consume at least 7.5 billion gallons of biofuels every year from 2012. Automobile manufacturers are designing vehicles that can run on higher levels of ethanol.

Individuals and companies are increasingly adapting wind power as prime or alternative source of energy. The sector is witnessing an amazing growth rate of about 30% globally and better technological advances are giving rise to more demands. European countries and United States are mostly interested in this clean source of energy. Implementation of wind energy system is saving this world from more than 2 million tons of CO2 emissions globally. Denmark leads the pack in wind power in terms of percentage of power utilization. About 20% of electricity used in Denmark comes from wind power, followed by Portugal and Spain (9%), Germany and Ireland (6%).

There are many benefits of installing solar power systems. Areas where conventional power sources cannot supply power, farm houses at remote places are increasingly adapting this power system to meet their energy requirements. Adding solar energy is growing popular among city dwellers also. They are adapting it to heat the house in winter and cool it in summer. Solar energy is implemented in various households and small utility services to supplement power services, support essential services and cut down overall power bill.

Maintaining a comfortable room temperature is a costly affair nowadays. Depending on the predominant weather condition, you may need to spend a huge amount of money either to heat or cool your house. Solar power system has proved to be cost effective for this purpose, in long run. Installing solar power system may be costly at initial stage but it compensates by substantially lowering your power bill.

Simplest form of solar power system is used for supplying hot water for households’ requirement. Such power systems are usually attached to overhead water tanks. Installation process is rather simple and it is not very costly.

However, converting solar energy to electricity is not so simple. Solar power system is made up of solar panels that are usually set up on rooftop. When several appliances of home are run by solar energy, number of solar energy collector panels increases accordingly. These panels can be home-built but it is convenient to buy it from reliable and renowned suppliers.

Crucial part of solar power system is storage of generated energy and its regulated supply to desired applications. Proper amperage and voltage of the generated energy should be ensured to avoids any damage to appliances. Usually solar energy generated from panels is stored in batteries. Voltage regulator is used to control the voltage of power supply from batteries to electrical wirings.

Setting up of solar power system for home appliances is best done by experts. Many suppliers insist that it is so simple that you can easily do it yourself. However, hiring professional service ensures that the costly system is not damaged while installing and your home and all appliances remain safe.

Fuel made from soy beans or waste vegetable oil is termed as biodiesel. This fuel may be used in place of diesel or petroleum oil in vehicles. Biodeisel is renewable source of energy that does not pollute environment to the extent done by petroleum products. This fuel may be used in combination with other fuels like diesel, petroleum or heating oil. Usually engine of vehicle need not be modified for this purpose. This flexibility enables biodiesel to be integrated with current systems without major modifications or addition of new equipment.

Biodiesel is produced from hydrocarbons like fats and oils, most commonly soybean oil. The filtered hydrocarbon is mixed with alcohol like methanol and a catalyst like potassium or sodium hydroxide. Major product from this reaction is an ester, which is the biodiesel fuel. By product is glycerol which has various commercial uses.

Labeling of biodiesel is done to designate percentage of biodiesel present in a fuel. As such, a fuel labeled as B20 represents mixture of 20% biodiesel and 80% of petroleum diesel. This combination of biofuel is most commonly used.

Prime advantage of biodiesel is that it is renewable energy source. It can be produced from soy beans grown solely for this purpose or recycled from cooking oils in restaurants. There is no problem of depletion of natural resources like petroleum products. There is excess production of soybeans in countries like USA, where it is economically viable to utilize it for production of biodiesel.

Biodiesel is not as polluting as petroleum fuels. It produces less soot, unburned hydrocarbons, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide in comparison to fossil fuels like petrol or diesel. Life cycle of catalytic converters may be extended by using 100% biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used in combination with heating oil for heating a building or home. This saves money and dependence on expensive heating oil. Biodiesel produces almost same energy per gallon like fossil fuel.

However, biodiesel is more costly than fossil fuel. Low oil content of soybean oil is prime reason of such high cost. This may be reduced by using plant materials having higher oil content than soybean and cost effective to extract.

Increasing demand for energy worldwide and depletion of natural resources has compelled countries to look for energy from alternative sources. There are various benefits as well as limitations of using these alternative sources for energy.

Usually the prime benefit of renewable energy is – it produces little or no waste products that pollute our environment. Hailed as clean and green energy, this type of sustainable energy is not only eco-friendly but an economical choice in many regions. However, it is difficult to generate huge amount of renewable energy. Reliability on weather conditions and economies of scale are main constraints for such large scale production. Cost of infrastructure and start-up cost is also greater than conventional energy production.

Let us have a look at the benefits and drawbacks of different sources of alternative energy.

Solar Energy

This has emerged as popular choice among renewable energy sources. Sun is the greatest source of energy and it is free of cost. Energy from the sun is converted to electrical energy with the help of solar panels. This can provide energy in remote areas, where there is ample sunlight throughout the year but transmission of conventional energy is not viable or possible on logistic grounds. High cost of installation and dependence on weather conditions are main drawbacks.

Wind Energy

This has the capacity to supply at least 20 percent of total energy consumption in future. There is no problem of harmful waste products while converting wind energy to electricity. However, not all places are suitable for installing and using wind energy. Coast lines and high altitudes are most suitable places for optimum availability of this type of energy. Large land area is required for setting up of sufficient windmills, to obtain enough energy. This is major obstacle for many potential users.

Biomass Energy

This is generated from natural products, grains and animal waste. It is primarily used to optimize use of waste products for generation of small amount of energy. Energy requirements supplied by gasoline may be replaced by energy from biomass.

Hydroelectricity

Potential energy of water falling from a height and tidal forces of water may be utilized for moving a turbine to generate electricity. Low maintenance and overhead costs and clean energy are prime benefits. However, there may be environmental concerns like inundation of cache area are destruction of local flora and fauna. Capital required for setting up such projects is also very high.

Renewable energy refers to the use of energy sources that are naturally available and is not exhausted even after repeated use. The energy available from sunlight, wind and water is the perfect example of renewable energy. The abundant source of natural power and energy available from these sources can be converted into light and electricity, to be used for various purposes ranging from cooking and heating to running cars and batteries.

There are several advantages of using renewable energy. Nature provides the ingredients for renewable energy and does not even have the chances of being exhausted. Over a period of time, natural energy can be harnessed for generating electricity without polluting the environment. The excessive use of fossil fuels contributes towards various environmental problems like global warming. However, the use of renewable energy sources does not pose any such threat and can be used without harming the planet.

Moreover, renewable energy can be used repeatedly without the fear of it being depleted. Be it wind, water or sunlight, none of it gets depleted, rather, a small percentage of these natural resources are used for generating energy. It also prevents us from the harmful effects of various chemical pollutants and gases like carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. As the emission is reduced considerably, its impact on the world’s environment is favorable. The maintenance cost is also low. Since the power is derived from natural sources, it does not cost so much. Though installation can sometimes be a little expensive, but with time its maintenance cost is considerably reduced.

Renewable energy sources are also beneficial for remote areas. As these are far away from the urban centers, often development is hampered in these areas. But harnessing energy from renewable energy sources results in economic development of the area. Thus, backward areas in many parts of the world have started harnessing solar, wind and tidal power for generating electricity. It is also used for running appliances and motors at homes and offices.

Renewable energy will last as long as mankind exists on Earth. Therefore, there is no fear of over utilizing these natural sources of energy. Unlike non-renewable energy sources like coal and gas, renewable sources like wind, water and sunlight will be available forever. While the force of the wind can be harnessed using wind mills, solar panels fitted in houses or over a large area can trap the sunlight which can either be used for cooking or generating electricity. Hydroelectricity is also produced in many parts of the world utilizing the force of water from rivers and waterfalls. Another renewable energy source is geothermal heat which is produced at the core of the earth and is expected to last as long as the planet survives.
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